Go to the solution explorer of the project in Visual Studio and do right click on your project, from the list select the Manage NuGet Packages option:.
Once the Manager shows up, search for the RawPrint library, select probably the first option by Tony Edgecombe and click on install:. After the installation you will be able to use the RawPrint class in your project. For more information about this library, please visit the official repository at Github here. It's recommendable to list all the available printers in some combo box, so the user only needs to select the desired Printer and then print it.
You can list all the available printers using the InstalledPrinters property in the PrinterSettings type :. To use the RawPrint methods, you will need to specify which printer to use. The only way to specify which to use is the name, so be sure to have a name of the printer before sending a file to print. In our case, we have available a real Brother Printer, so we'll use it in this example.
This method expects as first argument, the name of the Printer that you want to use to print the file, as second argument the absolute path to the PDF file including the filename that you want to print and as last argument the name of the same file. This last argument is used only to display it as name in the queue:. Interested in programming since he was 14 years old, Carlos is a self-taught programmer and founder and author of most of the articles at Our Code World.
Light Dark. Carlos Delgado July 19, 98K views. Share this article. Carlos Delgado Author. Regarding sentence length, the range was 40 to days. Among the subjects, individuals had no prior jail commitment coded 0; Each of these two variables was recoded to be categorized into two groups for data analysis. That being said, the successful or unsuccessful completion of any program may negatively impact the ultimate cost savings should an offender be unsuccessfully released from the program and in some instances diverted back to jail or prison.
Therefore, this exploratory study examined whether any significant relationship existed between the following characteristics of convicted drunk drivers placed in EMHD and their exit status: age group; race; sex; marital status; education level; offense class; charge reduction; sentence type; sentence length; prior OWI offense; prior jail commitment; prior imprisonment; prior community corrections placement; and prior alcohol or drug counseling.
However, these data did not reveal the full story. It was unclear which characteristics of offenders increased their propensity for successful exit or unsuccessful exit. Therefore, separate chi-square analyses examining the relationship between the observed and expected frequencies for the subjects were conducted. These analyses demonstrated intriguing relationships between the following independent variables and exit status of the subjects — age-groups, offense class, sentence type, prior OWI offense, sentence length-groups, prior community corrections placement, prior alcohol or drug counseling, and prior jail commitment.
Results of the analyses are presented below. Age Group and Exit Status An examination of the age of offenders sentenced to EMHD programs in previous research suggests that these programs are prone to include older offenders those above As previously mentioned, the average age for program participants in this study was From this proposition we would expect that older participants would be more likely to succeed than younger participants.
However, this proposition was not supported by the findings from this study. Table 2 presents the results from a chi-square analysis testing the significance of the relationship for each of the age-groups. Therefore, this finding warrants further exploration. Offense Class and Exit Status Previous research assessing the relationship between offense class and exit status indicates that a significant number of programs exclude felony offenders from entering EMHD programs at all.
Research assessing the effectiveness of accepting drunk-driving felony offenders into EMHD programs is essentially non-existent. In the present study, both misdemeanor and felony drunk driving offenders were included in the program. Therefore, it was important to ascertain whether any relationship exists between offense class and exit status. Cross-tabulation was computed using chi-square test for significance comparing the percentages of successful exit.
Of particular interest was the difference in exit status for felony offenders. Hence, this relationship between offense class and exit status is worth further inquiry.
The distribution of sentence type among the subjects was as follows — 93 on probation, 24 on direct commitment, and 1 on sentence modification. Given this context, the findings on direct commitment subjects definitely deserve further investigation. The remaining 26 subjects had no such records.
Cross-tabulation was computed using chi-square test of significance to assess the relationship between prior OWI offense and exit status among the subjects see Table 2. Hence, the significant findings about the relationship between prior OWI offense and exit status is worthy of further examination. Sentence Length and Exit Status Regarding exit status, it was important to consider the overall amount of time an offender spent under supervision in this program.
The results from the analysis on the relationship between sentence length and exit status are presented in Table 2. The sentence length a continuous variable was recoded into a dichotomous variable as sentence length groups group I - up to days, and group II - more than days. The majority of subjects Using a chi- square test of significance, no significant difference was found between sentence length groups. One probable explanation for this finding is there were so few offenders whose sentence length was more than days that the cell sizes were sufficiently small enough to not allow for any variation, therefore, resulting in no significant difference.
Despite this finding, there were a couple of noteworthy results. Most of the EMHD participants sentenced to less than days successfully completed the program Seventeen subjects were sentenced to the EMHD for more than days. Although this finding was not statistically significant, the relationship between sentence length and exit status deserves further exploration.
Prior Community Corrections Placement and Exit Status Previous research assessing the effectiveness of Electronic Monitoring Home Detention programs have focused on the type of program participants pre-trial, probation, community based, etc. Barton and Sudipto Roy - Convicted Drunk Drivers in an Electronic Monitoring Program: An Exploratory Study and post-program recidivism, and comparisons between offenders in community based alternatives and those with prior prison placements.
However, research to date has not focused on the relationship between prior placement in a community corrections program and exit status, especially for convicted drunk drivers.
The present study included a nominal level measurement indicating whether the offenders have any form of prior community corrections placement. The results from this analysis are presented in Table 2. The data revealed that 94 subjects As for the remaining 24 subjects who had no records of such prior placements, all of these subjects successfully exited the program. The relationship between prior community corrections placement and exit status among EMHD participants is worthy of further more detailed exploration.
Since this study specifically examined offenders convicted of drunk driving, it was important to examine the relationship between any prior counseling and exit status. In contrast, all 25 subjects who had no such prior counseling were successful in completing their sentences.
It might be conceived from the findings that some form of prior counseling might have influenced successful completion of the program among those with records of such prior counseling. The findings from the computation are worthy of further investigation. Prior Jail Commitment and Exit Status Previous research suggested that offenders who have had prior contact with the system such as prior institutional detention Brown and Roy, ; Roy, were more likely to fail in completing their EMHD sentences.
Thus, it was important to examine the relationship between prior jail commitment and exit status among the subjects. A measure indicating prior jail commitment was included in the study. Table 1 revealed that only 17 subjects In other words, the majority of the EMHD subjects with such prior jail detention failed to complete their sentences.
Discussion and Conclusion This exploratory study expands the current literature by assessing the relationship between convicted drunk drivers sentenced to Electronic Monitoring Home Detention program and their exit status. Using cross-tabulations and chi-square analyses, results were presented in eight different categories: age groups; offense class; sentence type, prior OWI offense, sentence length; prior community corrections placement; prior alcohol or drug counseling; and prior jail commitment.
The results see Table 2 indicate that older offenders those over 35 and those convicted of a felony were less likely to successfully complete the program than younger offenders and those convicted of a misdemeanor. Hence, this finding requires further investigation in future studies on EMHD programs. It may be conceived that misdemeanants may be more inclined to take advantage of the services offered in the programs and successfully meet all of the programmatic requirements.
Both the studies revealed that probationers were more likely to be successful in EMHD programs than those placed in these programs in lieu of jail sentence.
This was supported by the finding from the present study regarding sentence type and exit status. Given this context, it may be conceived that placement in EMHD program is not appropriate for convicted offenders bound to jail commitment.
However, the researchers did not report any statistically significant relationship between these two variables. This finding is worthy of further investigation in future studies. One area of significant interest was the relationship between sentence length and successful completion of the program. Renzema and Skelton in their study reported that sentence lengths of more than days improved the likelihood of successful completion of EMHD programs. The finding from this study did not support this contention.
Only 17 subjects were sentenced to the EMHD program for more than days. The relationship between sentence length and exit status among EMHD participants requires further investigation in future studies. One way to further assess this relationship could be to examine the participants over a longer period of time so that more offenders with lengthier sentences could be included in future study. Evidently, it may be conceived that those with no such prior placement were more serious in completing their EMHD sentences compared to those with records of prior placements.
This distinct difference between subjects with records of prior community corrections placement and subjects with no such prior records is worthy of further assessment. Previous research indicated that individuals who participated in some form of individual or group counseling, which includes Alcoholics Anonymous, were significantly more likely to successfully exit the program compared to those did not participate in such counseling English, Chadwick, and Pullen, Overall, 93 subjects had records of prior counseling.
One important finding was that in spite of having no prior counseling all of the 25 participants successfully completed the program. This may indicate that these were occasional drinkers whose first time encounter with the system was enough to deter them from future drinking and driving instances, although the present study does not provide a complete insight into the reason.
Therefore, this finding deserves further exploration. The relationship between prior jail commitment and exit status was examined for the subjects in this study.
The findings from the cross-tabulations supported previous research reports on this relationship. It may be conceived that for these offenders, placement in EMHD program psychologically diminishes the degree of seriousness of their sanction, compared to placement in jail. The point is - there is some cause for concern or alarm for the successful outcome of offenders with records of prior institutionalization.
This is especially disconcerting given the fact that unsuccessful exit from EMHD program mostly results in the incarceration of the offender. As the jail and prison populations become further overcrowded in the United States, the finding on prior jail commitment is noteworthy.
In sum, this study was exploratory in nature. It was designed to provide preliminary results and identify areas worthy of further exploration. Future research should focus on the significant differences or relationships particularly for convicted drunk drivers placed in EMHD programs.
Each of the identified categories is worthy of further exploration. References Ball, R. House arrest and correctional policy: Doing time at home. Baumer, T. A comparative analysis of three electronically monitored home detention programs. Justice Quarterly, 10 1 , Bloomberg, T.
Home Confinement and Electronic Surveillance. McCarthy ed. Brown, M. Manual and electronic house arrest: An evaluation of factors related to failure. Selke eds. Intermediate Sanctions: Sentencing in the 90s pp. Cincinnati, OH: Anderson Publishing. Charles, M. Electronic Monitoring for Juveniles. Journal of Crime and Justice, 12, Clarkson, J. Journal of Offender Monitoring, 4, Cooprider, K. Pretrial bond supervision: An empirical analysis with policy implications.
Federal Probation, September, Courtright, K. Rehabilitation in the new machine? Exploring drug and alcohol use and variables related to success among DUI offenders under electronic monitoring—some preliminary outcome results. English, K. Enos, R. Black, J. Holman Alternative sentencing: Electronically monitored correctional supervision.
Finn, M. The effectiveness of electronic monitoring with violent male parolees. Justice Quarterly, 19 2 , Vaughn
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